The COVID-19 & Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan from the Perspective of Distributive Justice

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic's global impact exposed the vulnerabilities of the neoliberal
economic model, particularly in developing nations like Pakistan. This paper
investigates how the pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities in Pakistan, focusing
on how the limitations of neoliberalism were laid bare. Through a critical analysis of
the reports from international organizations, academic journals, and news articles, the
research explores the severe impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan. Stringent lockdowns led
to massive job losses, especially in the informal sector with weak social safety nets. This
resulted in a significant decline in socio-economic development and pushed millions
back into poverty. The crisis highlighted the stark disparities in healthcare access and
economic resilience between developed and developing regions. In response to these
limitations, the paper argues for a shift away from unfettered globalization and
explores the concept of "relative autarky" as a potential framework. This model would
empower states to regulate markets and prioritize social welfare while maintaining
international cooperation. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the pandemic
necessitates a critical reevaluation of economic models. By adopting frameworks that
prioritize distributive justice and international collaboration, Pakistan and other
developing nations can build a more equitable and resilient future.